This book by leading Western specialists and Russian and Ukrainian feminists contains the latest research in the field of Russian women's studies. Historical chapters trace the role of gender in Russian and Ukrainian society from the twelfth century to the present day. Chapters focusing on contemporary Russia analyze the current backlash against women's emancipation, and discuss issues such as women's health, sexuality, reproduction and identity, women's work and employment, women and nationalism, and the development of the women's movement.