When Vichy France and the Jews was first published in France in 1981, the reaction was explosive. Michael R. Marrus and Robert O. Paxton had been the first to gain access to previously closed archives revealing the extent of Vichy's complicity in the Nazi effort to eliminate the Jews, and the book's publication-brought about a public reckoning. This new edition integrates over thirty years of subsequent scholarship, and incorporates research on French public opinion and the diversity of responses by French civilians to the campaign of persecution they witnessed around them, This classic account remains central to the historiography of France and the Holocaust, and in its revised edition, is more important than ever for understanding the Vichy government's role in the darkest atrocity of the twentieth century.