This volume of studies presents the relationship between society and state in 20th century Transylvania belonging since 1918 to Romania. The articles written mainly by Transylvanian historian, political scientist and anthropologist scholars, university lecturers present and emphasise the political, cultural and economic structure and self-organization of different entities of Transylvanian society – Hungarians, Romanians, Germans, Jews, political-cultural-economic elites, peasants and urban population – as a resistance against or adaptation towards state policies (centralization, assimilation, repression, censorship of culture, command on economic and ideological sphere) during the interwar and WWII period (1918-1944), as well as during the socialist regime (1945-1989).