The Three Ancient Problems (trisecting the angle, squaring the circle, duplicating the cube) have challenged mathematicians for over 2000 years. It's been proven that it's impossible to solve these problems using compass and straightedge alone, so mathematicians were challenged to create a curve or family of curves to solve all three. Until Edward V. Graef invented his Graef curves, no mathematician had accomplished this feat—not Archimedes, not Nicomedes, not Hippias. His solution has been verified by top mathematicians, and published in prestigious math publications.