Continuous technical developments of radiological imaging techniques have not only improved the potential of organ-based radiological diagnostics, but now also allow for dedicated whole-body exams which may be used in the field of screening and preventive diagnosis. The concept of this book is to provide clinicians with a broader understanding of screening and preventive diagnosis using radiological imaging. The first part of the book is dedicated to the fundamentals of screening and preventive diagnosis, and will comprise chapters on epidemiology and pathology, technical and organizational aspects of radiological screening, and chapters on legal issues and cost-risk analysis. The second part of the book will discuss the most important practical examples of radiological screening and surveillance, both for unselected populations, as well as for individual risk groups.