Given that the satisfaction of public interest needs is no longer the sole basis for economic action by legal entities governed by public law, we need to question the real motives behind the reform of public enterprises in Benin.Considering the constraints of the legal and organizational environment, the problematic legal regime governing the means and actions of public enterprises, the influence of public institutions and organizations, and the international economic context at risk from foreign powers, public enterprises pursuing a public service goal cannot be competitive. Faced with its inability to survive in a competitive environment, public power cannot readjust its entrepreneurial ambitions towards public shareholding, the promotion of public enterprises in a monopoly situation and public service enterprises such as agencies, offices or public establishments. This change is further complicated by economic globalization and the constraints of international and European law.