This book outlines how, from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century, the political and social dimension of French economic thought, and particularly of Physiocracy, spurred American Republicans to a radical shaping of American agrarian ideology. Such a perspective allows for a reconsideration of several questions that lie at the heart of contemporary historiographic debate: the connection between politics and economics, the meaning of republicanism, the foundations of representation, the role of Europe in the Atlantic world, and the interaction between national histories and global context.