Microalgae could play an important role in the achievement of sustainability goals related to the generation of renewable energy and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These photosynthetic microorganisms are able to capture CO2 and their biomass can be used to produce biofuels such as ethanol, methane and biodiesel. Other factors, such as their high growth rate, ability to use wastewater as a culture medium and the ability to grow on non-arable land makes them a potentially economical source of biofuel production on a large scale.This monograph introduces the reader to the basic and applied science of microalgal biofuel production. 17 chapters in the volume give information about bioethanol and biogas production from microalgal sources, the fermentation process, optimization of culture parameters and industrial applications of biomass projects, between other topics.The book is a useful reference for biotechnology and environmental science graduates and professionals interested in biofuel production.