Possibly for centuries, and for sure many decades African American males have been singled out and targeted to be sent to jail and prison. These native born American citizens have been and are purposely charged with officially trumped-up crimes for the specific purpose of their disenfranchising and removal from mainstream society for long periods of time. The loop-hole in the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America legally supports this assertion. America as a whole should be "asshamed" of itself!!!!!!!!