This book explores modern laser-based microprocessing techniques, combining theory with practical guidance on building and operating experimental setups. It begins with an introduction to optics, covering electromagnetic field theory, ray optics, and the Lorentz model. Core laser physics and ultrafast laser systems are discussed, along with hands-on measurement techniques. The book then covers optomechanical systems, including setup, alignment, and control. Advanced laser processing methods such as near-field ablation, two-photon polymerization, and laser-induced periodic surface structures are also presented. To support learning, Python scripts used for simulations and graphs are included, allowing readers to experiment and deepen their understanding of the concepts.Key features: * Practical approach to university level physics, i.e. this book is a great tool for readers to develop skills in a laboratory environment * Presents and explains new and emerging laser processing technologies that show a growing presence in both the academic and industrial environments * Information presented in the theoretical parts are consistently linked to worked examples * The book contains step-by-step tutorials on how to build experimental set-ups for different applications