Using the clearly structured prools given in this manual, it will be easy to apply the latest techniques in plant biotechnology in order to create new plant varieties or varieties with altered and optimized characteristics. Direct gene transfer into plant cells or protoplasts by the use of microinjection, electroporation or biolistic systems, or mediated by Agrobacteria is described in detail for various plant species, including relevant crops and cereals. Also included are prools of the standard molecular techniques for the analysis of transgenic plants as well as a section on biosafety considerations and regulations.