This work analyzes the implementation of the National System of Conservation Units and assesses the effectiveness of management in Lapa Grande State Park, located in the municipality of Montes Claros, Brazil. A general study of Conservation Units was conducted-covering concepts, legal provisions, origins, and historical evolution in Brazil and worldwide-as well as their current status in terms of environmental protection areas in Brazil. In addition, the work discusses the instruments for the creation, implementation, and management of Conservation Units, as provided for in the National System of Conservation Units, presenting their categories and respective objectives.