Earth science as a part of planetary science is a field that includes the study of the geology, ecology, geography, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere of Earth. Some of the branches of Earth science are physical geography, hydrology, glaciology, geophysics, etc. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of Earth science, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the subject. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on Earth science.