Springer Optimization and its Applications publishes undergraduate and graduate textbooks, monographs and state-of-the-art expository works that focus on algorithms for solving optimization problems and applications involving such problems. Some of the topics include optimization, network flow problems, optimal control, multi-objective programming, approximation and heuristic approaches.The human brain is among the most complex systems known to mankind. Neuroscientists seek to understand brain function through detailed analysis of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Only in the last few years has it become feasible to capture simultaneous responses from a large enough number of neurons to empirically test the theories of human brain function computationally. This book is comprised of state-of-the-art experiments and computational techniques that provide new insights and improve our understanding of the human brain.This volume includes contributions from diverse disciplines including electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, industrial engineering, and medicine, bridging a vital gap between the mathematical sciences and neuroscience research. Covering a wide range of research topics, this volume demonstrates how various methods from data mining, signal processing, optimization and cutting-edge medical techniques can be used to tackle the most challenging problems in modern neuroscience.The results presented in this book are of great interest and value to scientists, graduate students, researchers and medical practitioners interested in the most recent developments in computational neuroscience.