This book presents an overview on the growing concern regarding Human Papilloma Virus as an agent of various severe ailments in humans. Cervical cancer is the second most widespread cancer amongst women globally, and infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been determined as the primary cause of this ailment. The natural history of cervical cancer is identified by slow disease progression, making this condition preventable; and even treatable if diagnosed in early stages. Pap smear and the newly introduced prophylactic vaccines are the most notable prevention options. However, despite the availability of these primary and secondary screening techniques, worldwide burden of this disease is unfortunately still very high. This book lays emphasis on the epidemiological and fundamental research prospects in the field of HPV and provides latest updates to those working in this fast progressing area.