Part I. Physiology, Testing, and Common Thyroid Disorders Introduction Thyroid Testing and Imaging Graves' Disease Other Causes of Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Hypothyroidism Subclinical Thyroid Disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy and Postpartum Thyroid Disease in Children and Adolescents Thyroid Nodules and Cancer Management of Thyroid Cancer Patients Part II. Challenging Thyroid Disorders and Current Controversies Challenging Cases of Hyperthyroidism Treatment of Graves' Disease: A Personal Perspective Iatrogenic Hyperthyroidism Final Thoughts Index