This volume offers a compelling account of Jean-Louis Barrault, Ariane Mnouchkine and Peter Stein, who not only won international recognition as directors whose repertoires ranged from classical Greek to Shakespeare to the avant-garde, but also succeeded as leaders of their own companies. The ensembles they nurtured and kept afloat despite setbacks represent the artistic vision of each: the Compagnie Madeleine Renaud–Jean-Louis Barrault, the Théâtre du Soleil and the Schaubühne. Selected landmark productions illuminate the achievements of these three directors and their companies.