The Army in Multinational Operations (FM 3-16 / FM 100-8)

This manual, "The Army in Multinational Operations (FM 3-16)," provides a guide for Army commanders and staffs operating in a multinational environment. It applies across the full spectrum of military operations. It provides general information on important topics necessary for conducting multinational operations. However, it also lists questions that multinational partners need to address to improve their mission effectiveness and efficiency. Every multinational operation differs. The purpose, character, capabilities, composition, and scope of a multinational operation are functions of changing missions. These missions are magnified by the complexities of two or more armies operating together. Each member nation brings its own view and methods of operations. This manual blends key points of Joint Publication (JP) 3-16 into its approach to ensure considerations by Army elements of a joint force. It addresses the Army's roles and functions within a multinational operation. The focus is on responsibilities for conducting operations as part of a multinational force. It also addresses multinational leadership and provides examples of possible command relationships. Finally, it addresses planning considerations of the multinational commanders and their staffs. Information contained herein will help other national forces and other services plan and conduct multinational operations with U.S. Army forces. This manual takes into account the full continuum of operations and varying political objectives, force compositions, operating areas, and other factors. It also considers some general similarities in multinational operations. Because of varying compositions and varying political objectives, consensus is extremely difficult to obtain. Harmonization of the multinational force is critical to ensure unity of effort.