During the 1970s and ‘80s economic relations between the Arab Gulf States and Japan grew enormously. Approximately 65% of Japan’s oil requirements were met from Arab Gulf resources. However, although Japanese imports of Arab oil comprise the major component of trade, Arab imports of Japanese goods are also increasing sharply. The seven Arab Gulf countries, represented by the Petroleum Information Committee accounted for 8% of Japan’s total exports. This book explores the various avenues of economic co-operation that have developed between Japan and the Gulf States both in energy and other areas. It considers the measures that have been taken to protect the security of oil supply. It reports Japan’s co-operation in the development of the petroleum industry in the Arab Gulf States. The book also examines the future prospects for economic, technological and political co-operation between Japan and the Arab Gulf States.