Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution in Comparative Organizations: Additional Case Studies of Selected Allied and Partner Nations in Bloomington, MN

The Commission on Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) Reform asked RAND to provide an independent analysis of PPBE-like functions in selected countries and federal agencies. In this report—Volume 5 in a seven-volume set of case studies—RAND researchers analyze the defense budgeting processes of five additional allied and partner nations: France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, and Sweden.