Nutrigenomics is a rapidly evolving discipline that investigates how dietary components interact with the genome to impact disease susceptibility. Studies have uncovered genetic polymorphisms associated with conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which may be influenced by specific nutritional strategies. Progress in omics technologies is accelerating efforts to standardize their use in nutritional science. Current research is also exploring the effects of nutritional supplementation on periodontal inflammation, highlighting the growing importance of understanding how diet contributes to both oral and systemic health through epigenetic and gene expression pathways.