Nano-refrigerants and Nano-lubricants: Fundamentals and Applications

Nano-refrigerants and nano-lubricants are a novel class of nanofluids containing a mixture of nanoparticles, lubricant, and refrigerant, and because of their enhanced heat transfer properties, they have a broad potential range of residential and commercial applications. provides an overview of nano-refrigerants and nano-lubricants, their synthesis, characterization, and influence of nanoparticles on the thermophysical properties. It also describes the theoretical modelling and correlations using artificial intelligence, and the effect of all these parameters on potential applications. Future challenges and research directions are thoroughly addressed by authors.