The Israel-Palestine conflict, one of the most protracted and contentious disputes in modern history, has been characterized by deep-seated historical, religious, and territorial tensions. Spanning several decades, the conflict has resulted in immense human suffering, political unrest, and a global debate over the ethics and strategies employed by both sides. This review aims to explore the roots, complexities, and potential pathways towards peace in this enduring conflict, shedding light on the perspectives of both Israelis and Palestinians. The roots of the Israel-Palestine conflict can be traced back to the late 19th century when Zionist Jews began migrating to Palestine, then a part of the Ottoman Empire. The early 20th century witnessed a surge in Jewish immigration, leading to rising tensions between Jewish settlers and the Arab population. The conflict intensified after World War II and culminated in the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. This event, known as the Nakba or "catastrophe" in Palestinian history, resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, setting the stage for ongoing hostilities. The Arab-Israeli wars of 1967 and 1973 further deepened the animosity between the two sides. Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories, including the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem, after the 1967 Six-Day War, led to widespread resentment and resistance among Palestinians. The First Intifada (1987-1993) and the Second Intifada (2000-2005) were pivotal periods of Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation, marked by both peaceful protests and violent confrontations. Several attempts at peace, notably the Oslo Accords in the 1990s, aimed to establish a two-state solution, where Israel and Palestine coexist side by side. However, numerous stumbling blocks, including disputes over borders, settlements, and the status of Jerusalem, have hindered progress. The construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank has been a major point of contention, as it diminishes the viability of a contiguous Palestinian state. The conflict has taken a devastating toll on the civilian populations, with frequent outbreaks of violence resulting in casualties on both sides. The blockade of Gaza by Israel and Egypt has led to a severe humanitarian crisis, with limited access to basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare. The international community has been divided in its response, with some advocating for a peaceful resolution through negotiations, while others support boycotts and sanctions against Israel.