John Irish and Edward Carson, both experienced history teachers, have teamed up to develop this workbook to focus on the historical thinking skills that high school students in the AP® European course must master in order to perform well on the exam.Nine types of graphic organizers help students hone the skills essential for success in the course, including cause and effect, chronological reasoning, comparison, contextualization, continuity and change over time, defining the period, historical argument and turning points.