This book promotes the use of mathematical optimization and operations research methods in rail transportation. The editors assembled thirteen contributions from leading scholars to present a unified voice, standardize terminology, and assess the state-of-the-art.There are three main clusters of articles, corresponding to the classical stages of the planning process: strategic, tactical, and operational. These three clusters are further subdivided into five parts which correspond to the main phases of the railway network planning process: network assessment, capacity planning, timetabling, resource planning, and operational planning. Individual chapters cover:SimulationCapacity AssessmentNetwork DesignTrain RoutingRobust TimetablingEvent SchedulingTrack AllocationBlockingShuntingRolling StockCrew SchedulingDispatching Delay Propagation