This book is designed to be used in an introductory sophomore-level undergraduate course in chemical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, chemistry, and/or industrial chemistry. Senior-level students in resource development, soil science, and geology might also find this book useful. In addition, it is our hope that even advanced mathematics-oriented high school seniors might find the material easy to master as well. This book emphasizes concepts, definitions, chemical equations, and descriptions with which some chemical science professionals struggle. It stresses the importance of maintaining uniformly high standards in pure chemical science and manufacturing technology while still keeping in mind that procedures that might seem strange also yield results that prove effective.