Choice in Schooling is a history of the proposal to fund education through the student, as does the G.I. Bill for veterans, instead of, or in addition to, making direct appropriations to institutions, schools or districts. First proposed by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, and endorsed by such leaders as Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, John Stuart Mills, Milton Friedman, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, it is widely used in developed democracies around the world and even among former Iron Curtain nations, including Russia itself.