Anaerobic digestion is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to produce fuels. Anaerobic digestion are the group of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the types, processes and environmental impact of anaerobic digestion. Topics include the development and application of anaerobic digestion to treat husbandry and industrial wastewater in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam; anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste; evaluation of decentralized anaerobic digestion systems for wastewater treatment, reuse and nutrient recycling to alleviate water and food stress; effects of substrate-to-inoculum ratio on anaerobic digestion of vegetable wastes; anaerobic digestion sustainability effects on plant-wide performance and automation in centralized wastewater treatment; and anaerobic co-digestion of cheese whey and the screened liquid fraction of dairy manure.