Al-Qaida’s resurgence, despite its limitations, presents a continuing security challenge in Iraq, and the tribal factor remains a significant element in the security equation. Among the conclusions of the study are that Iraq’s Sunni tribes remain an important element in the country’s political life and in the security equation and will continue to be the major arena for Al-Qaida’s recruitment efforts and operations. As such, it will be necessary for the Iraqi government to craft realistic and effective policies that will address the Sunni tribes in order to undercut tribal support for Al-Qaida if the latter is to be defeated decisively. Includes an extensive notes and Bibliography references for further reading