Martin Kavka challenges the ancient opposition between Athens and Jerusalem by retrieving the concept of meontology (the doctrine of nonbeing) in one strand of the Jewish philosophical and theological tradition. Kavka's study also offers new interpretations of important contributors to contemporary Continental philosophy. They critique arguments about the role of lived religion in the thought of Jacques Derrida, the role of Greek philosophy in the thought of Emmanuel Levinas, and the ethical importance of the thought of Franz Rosenzweig.