Industrial ecology refers to the research and practice of energy and material flows in an industrial system. It also includes processes which transform resources present in the nature into something useful for the human needs. The subject combines elements of engineering, toxicology, natural sciences, economics, and sociology to understand the importance of natural elements and their usefulness to human beings. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the textbook makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this area. This textbook aims to assist those with a goal of delving into the vast field of industrial ecology.